Pavement.



A. E. SGHUTTE.

PAVEMENT. APPLICATION PLED 'o0T.13,1910.

Patented Aug.l 29,1911.

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AUGUST .S GHUTTE, F NEWTGN*7 MASSACHUSETTS.

i To aiZ whom it may concern:

' tuminous pavement.

' others have been constructed whose strengthl PAVEMENT.

i j l Be it known that I, AUGUSTAEDUIARD Bouman, a citizen of the United States, rc-

siding in the city of Newton, in the county ofy Middlesex andSta'te of Massachusetts,

' have made certain new and useful Improve- ,ments in Pavements, of which the Vfollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to. a pavement composed of mineral aggregate, Portland cement' and bituminous cement.

The objectof vmy invention is to produce a payement which is rigid and self-supporting and yet whiclihas the elasticity, resilienc and wear-resistin r ro verties of a bi In my invention I utilize the tensile strength and binding properties of Portland cement in combination' with the cementing and wear-resisting properties of bituminous landsimilar compounds. i

I am aware that pavements have been devised in which Portland cement hasbeeii.

ments havebeen constructed, the strengtlr and characteristic. stability of which have-` depended upon the mineral aggregate and was dependent upon the strength and consistency of the bituminous cement.. Iam not aware, h'owever, of any structure in which the displacementof a single atom or particle of stone would necessitate the breaking of both the rigid bond of Portland cement and the elastic bond of a bituminous compound.. l

I n the' drawings Ihave shown diagrammatically two modes of using my'invention.

Figure 'l illustrates the pavement in vertical section in process ofrcoiistiuction; Fig.

2 a similar section after bituminous ce# ment has been added thereto. Fig. 3 lillustrates a similar section of a pavcmeiitto which stone chips have been added.

These views are necessarily diagrainn'iatic and illustrative only, owing to the fact that no sectional view of the face of a cutting of any 'pavement would show the sectional faces of the stone to be so similar in size, as

in practice thestones` will naturally break joints and a true section would show some of the stones 4cut in the middle and others cut at their ends as will readily beunderf stood-upon consideration. These views, it is Specification of Letters Patent. Patented jing. 29, 1911.4 Application sweetener-13,1910. serial No. 586,828.' l

believed, however, with the following description will be ample for illustrative pur` poses.

Referring to the drawings, A, A, A are the stones,`preferably o f uniform size',which' are usually laidon a layer A1 of Portland cement concrete. Tliis'layer is mainly for the purpose of providing a smooth and rm foundation for the pavement, 'but may be omitted in some cases if the soil of. the

ings' spread and coalesce where .the stones touch and'so form what without-'the stones would be a honeycomb structure while the stones as they are tamped come into actual contact through their. coating of grout -as at a.

C is the-bituminous cement (rr-like come pound or a Waterproof compound of an y elastic nature, filling the voids and spaces between the coatings'B of the stones A and forming a thin coating ontop of the pavement on which, when wet, hot and soft, stone chips or sand D may be scattered if a rough surface is desired when the pavement is first Y used. Fig. l represents the pavement before the bituminous Icement has been added and Fig. 2 the pavement with the bituminous y filling and surfacing and before the chips are added, Fig.l 3 being a similar view after the chips have been scattered on the upper surface. c

In constructing my pavement I proceed as follows After having brought the soil to a uniform grade I lay upon the same a sheet A? of any desired thickness, vpreferably about four inches, of Portland cement or other concrete, say of the proportion of lOO 1:3:6. Immediately after this is laid and while it is still wet I apply a layer of say two inches, more or less, of the material which comprises my invention, composed of relatively uniform-sized stone A coated with a relatively pure cement grout B. By relatively pure cement grout I mean neat Portland cement. A small percentage of sandmay be added if thought best. These stones' are coated with the cement grout `Aeither by machinery or by hand and aproand spaces adjacent to each individual coated stone and throughout the layer. (See Fig. l).- After the cement and stone structure has properly set and become hard through the hardening and crystallization I of the cement (which occurs in a few days),

I pour into and onto the porous and rigid structure enough bituminous compound C,

asphaltic cement or the like, while hot and liquid, to fill all the voids throughout gits mass and to fill the superficial voids of the structure.. I usually then spread enough stone chips or sand I) on the surface to render it non-slippery and suitable for vehicular traffic.

In .a pavement constructed as abovedescribed the entire'stress produced by the weight of the vehicle and horse is taken up l by the Portland cement and stone structure while the resistance to abrasion and raveling is effected by the bituminous cement. The pavement may thus be said' to be double bonded, bonded by the grout as well as by the bituminous cement. I have found as the wear of the pavement proceeds the cementbound stones are slowly ground away particularly at the surface while the bituminous material between the stonesis spread over the saine and forms a continuous and per- `ist petual flush-coating which protects the st one, diminishes its abrasion, forms an elastic foothold for horses, and produces a smooth, dustless roadway. The double bonding effect insures long lifeand prevents displacement..

It is obvious that the structure above described can be laid of any thickness, but I prefer under ordinary conditions to lay it about.two inches thick upon ordinary Port,- land cement concrete while the latter is still wet so as to unite and cement the layers together as above described. In the latter construction the bituminous cement which is pour-ed hot into and'upon the structure cannot gol deeper than the smooth and voidless sub-structure A1.

r-Ihe advantages of my pavement as described besidesits smoothness and durability areitscheapness and its simplicity of construction, it requiring no special machinery nor especially skilled labor to produce the desired results. i

In using the term bituminous cement herein I mean any preferred form .of elastic waterproof cement, whether asph'altic or otherwise, though the cement known on the market. as bituminous cement has proved the best for the purpose. And in using the terni Portlandcenient I mean to include all cements having its general characteristics.

While I have herein described my inven tion more particularly with reference to its use in connection with street pavements, it will be obvious that its utility is moregeneral and'that it isapplicable, for example, to floorings. In the latter case, and in cases where the pavement is designed for foot 'traffic only, the thickness of the structure will preferably be somewhat less than when designed for vehicular traffic.

lVhat I claim as my invention is l. A pavement for foot or vehicular traffic, consisting of -a layer composed ofA stone coated and cemented together with relatively pure Portland cement grout, the

voids between the stones so coated being i 4. A pavement for footl or vehicular traffic, "comprising a mineral aggregate, a grout, and a bituminous cement, said grout coating said mineral aggregate and said bituminousv cement filling the voids in the aggregate so coated.

5. A stone Wearing structure for stone pavements composed of a web of stone and grout, the interstices in said web being filled with bituminous cement.

6. The pavementabove described, comprising a layer of stone coated with a thin coating of grout, said grout forming a web throughout themass, the voids in whichare filled with bituminous cement, the upper surface of said pavement being composed of bituminous cement upon which mineral par! ticles have been scattered. 7. The pavement above described, com- `prising-a stone wearing structure'composed of a web of stone and grout, the interstices in said web being filled with bituminous cement, in .combination with a. supporting layer of Portlandcement concrete.

" 8. A pavement for foot or vehicular traffic, comprising a mineral aggregate the particles of which are in substantial contact and are otherwise surrounded and bonded 'together by a rigid noneliquefiable cement,

' coating of grout, andlaying it upon aprepared surface to a given thickness and after it is hard lling the voids and 'interstces with bituminous cement in a liquidlcondition whereby the structure will'be permeated with an .elastic material as described.

10. That method of laying a pavement which comprises coating stone with a thin coating-of grout, and laying it upon a prepared surface to a given thickness and after 4it is hard filling the voids and interstices and surfacing the layerwith bituminous cement in a liquid condition whereby the structure will be permeated with an elastic material as described. v r

l1. That method of laying a pavement which comprises coating stone with a thin .wih

coating of grout, and laying it upon a prepared surface to a given thickness and after it is hard filling the"voids and interstices and surfacing the layer with bituminousA cement in a liquid condition whereby the structure will be permeated with an elastic material, and scattering mineral particles thereon as described. i

AUGUST E. SCHUTTE.

Witnesses: y

M. E. FLAHERTY, GEORGE LANGTON. 

